Hermawan Kartajaya

In Marketing 3.0, customers look for not only functional and emotional satisfaction but also spiritual fulfillment from the brands they choose.

interactivity and immersion

pandemic, most customers still find the human touch appealing. E‐commerce was only approximately 15 percent of total retail sales in the United States in 2022, according to the US

Department of Commerce. Euromonitor estimates that e‐commerce
penetration is much larger—and the highest globally—in China but still below 30 percent.

allowing companies to engage

objectives. The assumption i

flavors and convenience.